Amyloid-β Oligomer-Targeted Gadolinium-Based NIR/MR Dual-Modal Theranostic Nanoprobe for Alzheimer's Disease

While the deposition of amyloid-beta (A beta) plaques is one of the main pathological hallmarks of incurable Alzheimer's disease (AD), A beta oligomers have been identified as a more appealing AD biomarker due to their being more pathogenic and neurotoxic. Therefore, the development of a sensitive and effective technique for oligomeric A beta detection and imaging is beneficial for the early detection of AD, monitoring disease progression, and assessing the efficacy of potential AD drugs. Herein, the development and investigation of the first A beta oligomer-specific Gd3+-based nanoparticles (NPs), NP@SiO2@F-SLOH as a multimodal near-infrared imaging (NIRI)/T-1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent for real-time visualization of A beta contents in an AD mouse model is reported. Remarkably, the NP@SiO2@F-SLOH is successfully applied for in vivo and ex vivo NIRI with high sensitivity and selectivity for A beta oligomers and for MRI with good spatial resolution in different age groups in an AD mouse model. Furthermore, the NP probe exhibits a noticeable inhibitory effect on A beta fibrillation and neuroprotection against A beta-induced toxicity indicating its desirable therapeutic potential for AD. All these results illustrate the tremendous potential of this versatile and sensitive nanomaterial as an effective theranostic MRI nanoprobe for practical use.