Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 12, Issue 3, Pages 3572-3579Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18757
Keywords
open-circuit voltage; perovskite solar cells; molecular dipoles; device simulation; built-in potential
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB 1249]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [714067]
- Israel Science Foundation [488/16]
- Adelis Foundation for renewable energy research
- Technion Ollendorff Minerva Center
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Engineering the energetics of perovskite photovoltaic devices through deliberate introduction of dipoles to control the built-in potential of the devices offers an opportunity to enhance their performance without the need to modify the active layer itself. In this work, we demonstrate how the incorporation of molecular dipoles into the bathocuproine (BCP) hole-blocking layer of inverted perovskite solar cells improves the device open-circuit voltage (V-OC) and, consequently, their performance. We explore a series of four thiaazulenic derivatives that exhibit increasing dipole moments and demonstrate that these molecules can be introduced into the solution-processed BCP layer to effectively increase the built-in potential within the device without altering any of the other device layers. As a result, the V-OC of the devices is enhanced by up to 130 mV, with larger dipoles resulting in higher V-OC. To investigate the limitations of this approach, we employ numerical device simulations that demonstrate that the highest dipole derivatives used in this work eliminate all limitations on the V(OC )stemming from the built-in potential of the device.
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