Ageing of Polymer Frictional Interfaces: The Role of Quantity and Quality of Contact

When two objects are in contact, the force necessary for one to start sliding over the other is larger than the force necessary to keep the sliding motion going. This difference between static and dynamic friction is thought to result from a reduction in the area of real contact upon the onset of slip. Here, we resolve the structure in the area of contact on the molecular scale by means of environment-sensitive molecular rotors using (super-resolution) fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging. We demonstrate that the macroscopic friction force is not only controlled by the area of real contact but also controlled by the quality of that area of real contact, which determines the friction per unit contact area. We show that the latter is affected by the local density of the contacting surfaces, a parameter that can be expected to change in time at any interface that involves glassy, amorphous materials.