Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 4276-4284Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20147
Keywords
breast cancer; lung metastasis; squaraine nanoprobe; NIR-II imaging; photoacoustic imaging
Funding
- NSFC/China [81371621, 81571742, 81871399, 81922035, 81901870]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFC0109003]
- Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center [SHDC 22015022]
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University [K2019-28]
- Shanghai Sailing Program [18YF1415600]
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Various squaraine dyes have been developed for biological imaging. Nevertheless, squaraine dyes with emission in the second window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) have few reports largely due to the short of a simple and universal design strategy. In this contribution, molecular engineering strategy is explored to develop squaraine dyes with NIR-II emission. First, NIR-I squaraine dye SQ2 is constructed by the ethyl-grafted 1,8-naphtholactam as donor units and square acid as acceptor unit in a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) structure. To red-shift the fluorescence emission into NIR-II window, malonitrile, as a forceful electron-withdrawing group, is introduced to strengthen square acid acceptor. As a result, the fluorescence spectrum of acceptor-engineered squaraine dye SQ1 exhibits a significant red- shift into NIR-II window. To translate NIR-II fluorophores SQ1 into effective theranostic agents, fibronectin-targeting SQ1 nanoprobe was constructed and showed excellent NIR-II imaging performance in angiography and tumor imaging, including lung metastatic foci in deep tissue. Furthermore, SQ1 nanoprobe can be used for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal ablation of tumors. This research demonstrates that the donor-acceptor engineering strategy is feasible and effective to develop NIR-II squaraine dyes.
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