Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 12, Issue 6, Pages 7595-7604Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21957
Keywords
dielectric elastomer; actuation; energy harvesting; intrinsic self-healing; dielectric breakdown strength; relative permittivity
Funding
- EPSRC
- Jaguar Land Rover (UK)
- EPSRC [1793525] Funding Source: UKRI
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The actuation and energy-harvesting performance of dielectric elastomers are strongly related to their intrinsic electrical and mechanical properties. For future resilient smart transducers, a fast actuation response, efficient energy-harvesting performance, and mechanical robustness are key requirements. In this work, we demonstrate that poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) can be converted into a self-healing dielectric elastomer with high permittivity and low dielectric loss, which can be deformed to large mechanical strains; these are key requirements for actuation and energy-harvesting applications. Using a one-step click reaction at room temperature for 20 min, methyl-3-mercaptopropionate (M3M) was grafted to SBS and reached 95.2% of grafting ratios. The resultant M3M-SBS can be deformed to a high mechanical strain of 1000%, with a relative permittivity of epsilon(r) = 7.5 and a low tan delta = 0.03. When used in a dielectric actuator, it can provide 9.2% strain at an electric field of 39.5 MV m(-1) and can also generate an energy density of 11 mJ g(-1) from energy harvesting. After being subjected to mechanical damage, the self-healed elastomer can recover 44% of its breakdown strength during energy harvesting. This work demonstrates a facile route to produce self-healing, high permittivity, and low dielectric loss elastomers for both actuation and energy harvesting, which is applicable to a wide range of diene elastomer systems.
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