Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages 1930-1936Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19961
Keywords
electrochromics; self-assembled monolayer; degradation protection; electrochemical stability; tungsten oxide
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [CRDPJ 509210-17]
- Alberta Innovates
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The presented work demonstrates an innovative method to overcome electrolyte restrictions for electrodeposited tungsten oxide (WO3) electrochromic electrodes. By self-assembly of a phosphonic acid protection layer on top of the WO3 electrode, the cycle life of a WO3 electrode in aqueous electrolytes of potassium (KCl) and lithium chloride (LiCl) is dramatically enhanced. Based on the hydrophobic nature of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM), the modification allows for ion intercalation while it prevents etching of the electrode. The cycle life of a WO3 electrode in 1 M KCl increased from under 100 to over 1000 cycles between -0.6 and 0.6 V versus Ag/AgCl. Furthermore, the current-voltage cycling and simultaneous optical transparency measurements show that a WO3 electrode having a self-assembled monolayer of an n-dodecylphosphonic acid exhibits no degradation through detachment of the electrochromic material. Our results suggest that SAM modification of electrochromic oxides is a promising new route toward long lifetime electrochromic devices even in hostile electrolyte environments.
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