Journal
BIOMOLECULES
Volume 9, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom9110738
Keywords
alpha-pinene; beta-pinene; pharmacological activities; cytotoxicity; bioavailability; clinical studies
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Funding
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal) [UID/BIM/04293/2013]
- NORTE2020-Programa Operacional Regional do Norte [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012]
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alpha- and beta-pinene are well-known representatives of the monoterpenes group, and are found in many plants' essential oils. A wide range of pharmacological activities have been reported, including antibiotic resistance modulation, anticoagulant, antitumor, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-Leishmania, and analgesic effects. This article aims to summarize the most prominent effects of alpha- and beta-pinene, namely their cytogenetic, gastroprotective, anxiolytic, cytoprotective, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective effects, as well as their effects against H2O2-stimulated oxidative stress, pancreatitis, stress-stimulated hyperthermia, and pulpal pain. Finally, we will also discuss the bioavailability, administration, as well as their biological activity and clinical applications.
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