Journal
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
Volume 5, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MICROBIOLOGY SOC
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000309
Keywords
Acinetobacter baumannii; CRISPR; bacterial genomics; toxin-antitoxin; plasmids; biofilm
Categories
Funding
- Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013-2016, Subdireccion General de Redes y Centros de Investigacion Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases [REIPI RD16/0016/0009]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdireccion General de Redes y Centros de Investigacion Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases [REIPI RD16/0016/0009]
- European Development Regional Fund 'A way to achieve Europe', Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014-2020
- 'Programa de Empleo Joven' (FEDER/Junta de Andalucia, Fase I, II convocatoria) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdireccion General de Redes y Centros de Investigacion Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Spain
- Juan Rodes grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdireccion General de Redes y Centros de Investigacion Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Spain [JR17/00025]
- i-PFIS grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdireccion General de Redes y Centros de Investigacion Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Spain [IFI15/00128]
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Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterium that causes hospital-acquired infections with a high mortality and morbidity, since there are strains resistant to virtually any kind of antibiotic. The chase to find novel strategies to fight against this microbe can be favoured by knowledge of the complete catalogue of genes of the species, and their relationship with the specific characteristics of different isolates. In this work, we performed a genomics analysis of almost 2500 strains. Two different groups of genomes were found based on the number of shared genes. One of these groups rarely has plasmids, and bears clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) sequences, in addition to CRISPR-associated genes (cas genes) or restriction-modification system genes. This fact strongly supports the lack of plasmids. Furthermore, the scarce plasmids in this group also bear CRISPR sequences, and specifically contain genes involved in prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin systems that could either act as the still little known CRISPR type IV system or be the precursors of other novel CRISPR/Cas systems. In addition, a limited set of strains present a new cas9-like gene, which may complement the other cas genes in inhibiting the entrance of new plasmids into the bacteria. Finally, this group has exclusive genes involved in biofilm formation, which would connect CRISPR systems to the biogenesis of these bacterial resistance structures.
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