Comparison of Faecal versus Rumen Inocula for the Estimation of NDF Digestibility

Simple Summary: The evaluation of fibre digestibility is very important for the formulation of ruminant diets. Fibre digestibility is usually determined in lab with rumen inoculum obtained from cannulated cows. The research of alternative and less invasive inoculum sources is a critical issue that should be addressed. The present study evaluated the potential of faecal inocula, obtained from cows fed different diets, to assess fibre digestibility of different substrates at different incubation times (48, 240 and 360 h). At short incubation time, fibre digestibility obtained with rumen fluid was always higher than those obtained with faecal inocula, confirming a lower activity of the faecal inocula compared with rumen fluid. However, the type of diets fed to the donor animals had a significant effect on fibre digestibility, with a more active faecal inoculum for cows fed a diet based on maize silage. Despite the differences obtained at the short incubation time, the digestibility values at longer intervals showed that faecal inoculum could replace rumen inoculum. As a consequence, faeces may replace rumen fluid as inoculum for end-point measures, avoiding the use of cannulated animals and decreasing the analytical costs. Abstract: Cow faeces have been investigated as alternative inoculum to replace rumen fluid to determine neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (NDFD). Aims of this study were to estimate: (1) the NDFD (48 h) of feed ingredients using a rumen inoculum in comparison with faecal inocula from cows fed diets with different forage basis; (2) the undigestible NDF (uNDF) at 240 and 360 h with ruminal fluid and faecal inocula from lactating cows fed two different diets. At 48 h incubation, the NDFD was affected both by feed and type of inoculum (p < 0.01) and by their interaction (p = 0.03). Overall, the mean NDFD was higher for rumen inoculum than for faecal inocula (585 vs. 389 g/kg NDF, p < 0.05), and faecal inoculum obtained from cows fed hay-based diets gave lower NDFD than those from cows fed maize silage (367 vs. 440 g/kg, p < 0.05). At long incubation times, the average uNDF was affected by substrate, inoculum and incubation time (p < 0.01), but not by their interactions. For each inoculum, significantly lower values were obtained at 360 than at 240 h. Regressions between uNDF with rumen and with the tested faecal inocula resulted in r(2) >= 0.98. Despite the differences at 48 h, the uNDF showed that faecal inoculum could replace rumen fluid at longer incubation times.