Journal
CANCERS
Volume 11, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101575
Keywords
metastasis; heterogeneity; plasticity; epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; biomechanics; circulating tumor cells (CTCs); extracellular vesicles; metastatic niche; epigenetics; CTC-clusters
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Funding
- Rebecca Wilson Fellowship in Breast Cancer Research
- Nelune Foundation
- Cancer Institute New South Wales Fellowship
- National Breast Cancer Foundation Australia
- French National Cancer Institute (INCa)
- INSERM
- University of Strasbourg
- INCa (National Cancer institute)
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Therapies that prevent metastatic dissemination and tumor growth in secondary organs are severely lacking. A better understanding of the mechanisms that drive metastasis will lead to improved therapies that increase patient survival. Within a tumor, cancer cells are equipped with different phenotypic and functional capacities that can impact their ability to complete the metastatic cascade. That phenotypic heterogeneity can be derived from a combination of factors, in which the genetic make-up, interaction with the environment, and ability of cells to adapt to evolving microenvironments and mechanical forces play a major role. In this review, we discuss the specific properties of those cancer cell subgroups and the mechanisms that confer or restrict their capacity to metastasize.
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