Journal
SCIENCE ADVANCES
Volume 5, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax6996
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Funding
- United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) [2016389]
- Helmsley Charitable Trust [2018PG-ISL006]
- German-Israeli Foundation (GIF) [I-1364-303.7/2016]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [678702]
- European Research Council (ERC) [678702] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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The growing diversity of topological classes leads to ambiguity between classes that share similar boundary phenomenology. This is the status of bulk bismuth. Recent studies have classified it as either a strong or a higher-order topological insulator, both of which host helical modes on their boundaries. We resolve the topological classification of bismuth by spectroscopically mapping the response of its boundary modes to a screw-dislocation. We find that the one-dimensional mode, on step-edges, extends over a wide energy range and does not open a gap near the screw-dislocations. This signifies that this mode binds to the screw-dislocation, as expected for a material with nonzero weak indices. We argue that the small energy gap, at the time reversal invariant momentum L, positions bismuth within the critical region of a topological phase transition between a higher-order topological insulator and a strong topological insulator with nonzero weak indices.
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