Journal
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00950
Keywords
epigenetics; biomarker; microRNA; cardiovascular diseases; myocardial infarction; heart failure; atherosclerosis; hypertension
Categories
Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness-MINECO [SAF2017-84324-C2-1-R]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III [PIC18/0014, PI18/00256]
- Red de Terapia Celular-TerCel [RD16/0011/0006]
- CIBER Cardiovascular projects, as part of the Plan Nacional de I+D+I [CB16/11/00403]
- Fundacio La MARATO de TV3 [201516-10, 201502-20]
- Generalitat de Catalunya [SGR2017 00483, SLT002/16/00234]
- CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya
- la Caixa Banking Foundation
- ISCIII-Sudireccion General de Evaluacion y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
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Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death worldwide and greatly impact quality of life and medical costs. Enormous effort has been made in research to obtain new tools for efficient and quick diagnosis and predicting the prognosis of these diseases. Discoveries of epigenetic mechanisms have related several pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, to epigenetic dysregulation. This has implications on disease progression and is the basis for new preventive strategies. Advances in methodology and big data analysis have identified novel mechanisms and targets involved in numerous diseases, allowing more individualized epigenetic maps for personalized diagnosis and treatment. This paves the way for what is called pharmacoepigenetics, which predicts the drug response and develops a tailored therapy based on differences in the epigenetic basis of each patient. Similarly, epigenetic biomarkers have emerged as a promising instrument for the consistent diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Their good accessibility and feasible methods of detection make them suitable for use in clinical practice. However, multicenter studies with a large sample population are required to determine with certainty which epigenetic biomarkers are reliable for clinical routine. Therefore, this review focuses on current discoveries regarding epigenetic biomarkers and its controversy aiming to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in cardiovascular patients.
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