Journal
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL
Volume 6, Issue 5, Pages 9147-9164Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2928313
Keywords
Beam focusing; Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB); Internet of Things (IoT); location tracking; phased antenna array; positioning; wireless power transfer (WPT)
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Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea through the Korean Government (MSIP) [2014R1A5A1011478]
- Korea Electric Power Corporation [R18XA06-15]
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We propose a battery-less location tracking system that enables 3-D positioning of an Internet of Things (IoT) device powered by the radio frequency (RF) wireless power transfer (WPT). In the proposed system, a power beacon is equipped with a phased antenna array that has the dual purposes of high-efficiency WPT and phase-based accurate positioning. In order to enhance the efficiency of the RF WPT, we propose a beam focusing algorithm that dynamically controls the respective phases of antenna elements to place the focal point of the electro-magnetic (EM) wave onto the target IoT device. We also propose a phase-based positioning algorithm that requires only one multiantenna anchor point for determining the distance as well as the direction from the anchor point. We analyze the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the phase-based positioning with a single multiantenna anchor point, and show that the distance from the anchor point can be estimated as long as the IoT device lies within the radiative near-field region. We propose a joint location tracking and WPT algorithm that performs 3-D positioning and beam-focused WPT in a unified way. We have built a real-life testbed with a large-scale antenna array with 64 antenna elements for testing the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in a real environment.
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