Journal
NANOMATERIALS
Volume 9, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nano9111603
Keywords
TiO2 hierarchical nanospheres; {001} facets; Sn4+ doping; solvothermal route; photocatalytic activity
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61904098, 11904209]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [ZR2019QF018]
- Higher Education Research and Development Program of Shandong Province [J18KA242]
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Herein, high-energy {001} facets and Sn4+ doping have been demonstrated to be effective strategies to improve the surface characteristics, photon absorption, and charge transport of TiO2 hierarchical nanospheres, thereby improving their photocatalytic performance. The TiO2 hierarchical nanospheres under different reaction times were prepared by solvothermal method. The TiO2 hierarchical nanospheres (24 h) expose the largest area of {001} facets, which is conducive to increase the density of surface active sites to degrade the adsorbed methylene blue (MB), enhance light scattering ability to absorb more incident photons, and finally, improve photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the SnxTi1-xO2 (STO) hierarchical nanospheres are fabricated by Sn4+ doping, in which the Sn4+ doping energy level and surface hydroxyl group are beneficial to broaden the light absorption range, promote the generation of charge carriers, and retard the recombination of electron-hole pairs, thereby increasing the probability of charge carriers participating in photocatalytic reactions. Compared with TiO2 hierarchical nanospheres (24 h), the STO hierarchical nanospheres with 5% n(Sn)/n(Ti) molar ratio exhibit a 1.84-fold improvement in photodegradation of MB arising from the enhanced light absorption ability, increased number of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and prolonged charge carrier lifetime. In addition, the detailed mechanisms are also discussed in the present paper.
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