Journal
BLOOD
Volume 127, Issue 18, Pages 2173-2181Publisher
AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-688887
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Funding
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek [91712303]
- Academic Medical Center Research Council
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SO876/6-1, SFB914-B08, SFB1123-A06/B05]
- Ludwig Maximilian University excellent program
- FoFoLe program of the LMU Medical Faculty
- Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [SAF2012-31142, SEV-2015-0505]
- Pro-CNIC Foundation
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Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear leukocytes of the phagocytic system that act as first line of host defense against invading pathogens but are also important mediators of inflammation-induced injury. In contrast to other members of the innate immune system, neutrophils are classically considered a homogenous population of terminally differentiated cells with a well-defined andhighly conserved function. Indeed, their short lifespan, the absent proliferative capacity, their limited ability to produce large amounts of cytokines, and the failure to recirculate from the tissue to the bloodstream have sustained this idea. However, increasing evidence over the last decade has demonstrated an unexpected phenotypic heterogeneity and functional versatility of theneutrophil population. Farbeyond their antimicrobial functions, neutrophils are emerging as decision-shapers during innate and adaptive immune responses. These emerging discoveries open a new door to understand the role of neutrophils during homeostatic but also pathogenic immune processes. Thus, this review details novel insights of neutrophil phenotypic and functional heterogeneity during homeostasis and disease.
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