Journal
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53156-8
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Funding
- Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development, SATREPS)
- Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (Genomics for Agricultural Innovation) [GMA-0006]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [16K14958, 16H06198, 17F17103, 17K05882]
- RISH Kyoto University [2016-5-2-1]
- RISET-Pro PhD fellowship program of the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of Republic of Indonesia (World Bank) [8245-ID]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17K05882, 17F17103, 16K14958] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Lignin is a complex phenylpropanoid polymer deposited in plant cell walls. Lignin has long been recognized as an important limiting factor for the polysaccharide-oriented biomass utilizations. To mitigate lignin-associated biomass recalcitrance, numerous mutants and transgenic plants that produce lignocellulose with reduced lignin contents and/or lignins with altered chemical structures have been produced and characterised. However, it is not fully understood how altered lignin chemistry affects the supramolecular structure of lignocellulose, and consequently, its utilization properties. Herein, we conducted comprehensive chemical and supramolecular structural analyses of lignocellulose produced by a rice cad2 mutant deficient in CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (CAD), which encodes a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis. By using a solution-state two-dimensional NMR approach and complementary chemical methods, we elucidated the structural details of the altered lignins enriched with unusual hydroxycinnamaldehyde-derived substructures produced by the cad2 mutant. In parallel, polysaccharide assembly and the molecular mobility of lignocellulose were investigated by solid-state C-13 MAS NMR, nuclear magnetic relaxation, X-ray diffraction, and Simon's staining analyses. Possible links between CAD-associated lignin modifications (in terms of total content and chemical structures) and changes to the lignocellulose supramolecular structure are discussed in the context of the improved biomass saccharification efficiency of the cad2 rice mutant.
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