Omega-3 fatty acids decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in macrophages from patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, the latter of which contributes to activation of macrophages, a prominent cell type in AAA. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been reported to limit oxidative stress in animal models of AAA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on antioxidant defence in macrophages from patients with AAA. Cells were obtained from men with small AAA (diameter 3.0-4.5 cm, 75 +/- 6yr, n = 19) and age- matched male controls (72 +/- 5 yr, n = 41) and incubated with DHA for 1 h before exposure to 0.1 mu g/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. DHA supplementation decreased the concentration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha. (TNF-alpha; control, 42.1 +/- 13.6 to 5.1 +/- 2.1 pg/ml, p < 0.01; AAA, 25.2 +/- 9.8 to 1.9 +/- 0.9 pg/ml, p < 0.01) and interleukin-6 (IL-6; control, 44.9 +/- 7.7 to 5.9 +/- 2.0 pg/ml, p < 0.001; AAA, 24.3 +/- 5.2 to 0.5 +/- 0.3 pg/ml, p < 0.001) in macrophage supernatants. DHA increased glutathione peroxidase activity (control, 3.2 +/- 0.3 to 4.1 +/- 0.2 nmol/min/ml/mu g protein, p= 0.004; AAA, 2.3 +/- 0.5 to 3.4 +/- 0.5 nmol/min/ml/mu g protein, p = 0.008) and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression (control, 1.5-fold increase, p < 0.001). The improvements in macrophage oxidative stress status serve as a stimulus for further investigation of DHA in patients with AAA.