Journal
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48676-2
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Funding
- Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden [2018-26, 2017-29, 2015-19]
- Algemene Nederlandse Vereniging ter Voorkoming van Blindheid [2018-26, 2017-29, 2015-19]
- Stichting Blinden-Penning [2018-26, 2017-29, 2015-19]
- Stichting Oogfonds Nederland [2018-26, 2017-29, 2015-19]
- MaculaFonds [2018-26, 2017-29, 2015-19]
- Stichting tot Verbetering van het Lot der Blinden
- Rotterdamse Stichting Blindenbelangen [B20140049]
- Stichting voor Ooglijders
- Stichting Blindenhulp
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During sprouting angiogenesis, an individual endothelial tip cell grows out from a pre-existing vascular network and guides following and proliferating stalk cells to form a new vessel. Metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and mitochondria! respiration as the major sources of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) for energy production are differentially activated in these types of endothelial cells (ECs) during angiogenesis. Therefore, we studied energy metabolism during angiogenesis in more detail in tip cell and non-tip cell human umbilical vein ECs. Small interfering RNA was used to inhibit transcription of glycolytic enzymes PFKFB3 or LDHA and mitochondria! enzyme PDHA1 to test whether inhibition of these specific pathways affects tip cell differentiation and sprouting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We show that glycolysis is essential for tip cell differentiation, whereas both glycolysis and mitochondria! respiration occur during proliferation of non-tip cells and in sprouting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that inhibition of mitochondria! respiration causes adaptation of EC metabolism by increasing glycolysis and vice versa. In conclusion, our studies show a complex but flexible role of the different metabolic pathways to produce ATP in the regulation of tip cell and non-tip cell differentiation and functioning during sprouting angiogenesis.
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