Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 11, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu11092158
Keywords
cholecalciferol; omega3; EPA; DHA; arachidonic acid; AA/EPA ratio; type 1 diabetes; remission period; honeymoon period
Categories
Funding
- Pediatric Clinic of University Hospital of Novara
- Minerali Industriali S.r.L. Novara
- Associazione Giovani Diabete-Novara (AGD-Novara)
- Fondazione Comunita Novarese
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Vitamin D and omega 3 fatty acid (omega-3) co-supplementation potentially improves type 1 diabetes (T1D) by attenuating autoimmunity and counteracting inflammation. This cohort study, preliminary to a randomized control trial (RCT), is aimed at evaluating, in a series of T1D children assuming Mediterranean diet and an intake of cholecalciferol of 1000U/day from T1D onset, if omega-3 co-supplementation preserves the residual endogen insulin secretion (REIS). Therefore, the cohort of 22 new onsets of 2017 received omega-3 (eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 60 mg/kg/day), and were compared retrospectively vs. the 37 previous onsets without omega-3 supplementation. Glicosilated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), the daily insulin demand (IU/Kg/day) and IDAA1c, a composite index (calculated as IU/Kg/day x 4 + HbA1c%), as surrogates of REIS, were evaluated at recruitment (T0) and 12 months later (T12). In the omega-3 supplemented group, dietary intakes were evaluated at T0 and T12. As an outcome, a decreased insulin demand (p < 0.01), particularly as pre-meal boluses (p < 0.01), and IDAA1c (p < 0.01), were found in the omega-3 supplemented group, while HbA1c% was not significantly different. Diet analysis in the omega-3 supplemented group, at T12 vs. T0, highlighted that the intake of arachidonic acid (AA) decreased (p < 0.01). At T0, the AA intake was inversely correlated with HbA1c% (p < 0.05; r;. 0.411). In conclusion, the results suggest that vitamin D plus omega-3 co-supplementation as well as AA reduction in the Mediterranean diet display benefits for T1D children at onset and deserve further investigation.
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