Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12374-4
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Funding
- Singapore Ministry of Education [MOE2016-T3-1-004]
- National Medical Research Council [NMRC/OFIRG/17nov066]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21675038, 31671011]
- British Heart Foundation [CS/14/3/31002]
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre
- Duke-National University Singapore Medical School
- Singapore Ministry of Health's National Medical Research Council under its Clinician Scientist-Senior Investigator scheme [NMRC/CSA-SI/0011/2017]
- Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2 [MOE2016-T2-2-021]
- Singapore Ministry of Health's National Medical Research Council under its Open Fund-Young Individual Research Grant (OF-YIRG) [NMRC/OFYIRG/0073/2018]
- National Health Innovation Centre Singapore [NHIC-I2S-1811007]
- Singapore Ministry of Health's National Medical Research Council under Collaborative Centre Grant scheme [NMRC/CGAug16C006]
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Reliance on low tissue penetrating UV or visible light limits clinical applicability of phototherapy, necessitating use of deep tissue penetrating near-infrared (NIR) to visible light transducers like upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). While typical UCNPs produce multiple simultaneous emissions for unidirectional control of biological processes, programmable control requires orthogonal non-overlapping light emissions. These can be obtained through doping nanocrystals with multiple activator ions. However, this requires tedious synthesis and produces complicated multi-shell nanoparticles with a lack of control over emission profiles due to activator crosstalk. Herein, we explore cross-relaxation (CR), a non-radiative recombination pathway typically perceived as deleterious, to manipulate energy migration within the same lanthanide activator ion (Er3+) towards orthogonal red and green emissions, simply by adjusting excitation wavelength from 980 to 808 nm. These UCNPs allow programmable activation of two synergistic light-gated ion channels VChR1 and Jaws in the same cell to manipulate membrane polarization, demonstrated here for cardiac pacing.
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