Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12764-8
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Funding
- ALW open grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [ALWOP.179]
- VIDI grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [45216-015]
- China Scholarship Council [201506040039]
- Sophia Foundation for Scientific Research (SSWO) [s14-27]
- National Institute of Mental Health [MH100029]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [NWO VICI 453-14-005]
- National Institutes of Health [P01AG026423]
- National Center for Research Resources [P51RR165, OD P51OD11132]
- National Chimpanzee Brain Resource [R24NS092988]
- 16 NIH Institutes and Centers [1U54MH091657]
- McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience at Washington University
- Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health
- NCI
- NHGRI
- NHLBI
- NIDA
- NIMH
- NINDS
- Netherlands Scientific Organization [NWO: 480-05-003]
- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Brain Foundation
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Cognitive brain networks such as the default-mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network, and salience network, are key functional networks of the human brain. Here we show that the rapid evolutionary cortical expansion of cognitive networks in the human brain, and most pronounced the DMN, runs parallel with high expression of human-accelerated genes (HAR genes). Using comparative transcriptomics analysis, we present that HAR genes are differentially more expressed in higher-order cognitive networks in humans compared to chimpanzees and macaques and that genes with high expression in the DMN are involved in synapse and dendrite formation. Moreover, HAR and DMN genes show significant associations with individual variations in DMN functional activity, intelligence, sociability, and mental conditions such as schizophrenia and autism. Our results suggest that the expansion of higher-order functional networks subserving increasing cognitive properties has been an important locus of genetic changes in recent human brain evolution.
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