Raspberry (Rubes idaeus L.) fruit extract decreases oxidation markers, improves lipid metabolism and reduces adipose tissue inflammation in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Excessive fat accumulation in hypertrophied adipocytes lead to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and dysregulated adipokines secretion. In this study, we investigated the ability of raspberry fruit extract (RBE) to mitigate adipose tissue dysfunction using hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The obtained results showed that RBE decreased intracellular ROS generation in hypertrophied adipocytes by enhancing expression of antioxidant defense enzymes SOD, catalase, and GPx, and inhibiting an oxidant enzyme NADPH oxidase 4. Moreover, RBE reduced lipid accumulation accompanied by increased lipid mobilization. RBE significantly inhibited LPL, aP2, FAS and PLIN mRNA expression, and enhanced the expression of HSL. Furthermore, RBE exhibited a high anti-inflammatory potential by down-regulation the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, MCP-1 and leptin), and counteracted the decrease in adiponectin and IL-10 expression. Raspberry fruit could be potentially valuable dietary ingredient towards mitigating adverse metabolic consequences of fat cell hypertrophy, thus reducing the risk of metabolic disorders.