WSN Strategies Based on Sensors, Deployment, Sensing Models, Coverage and Energy Efficiency: Review, Approaches and Open Issues

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are growing rapidly in various fields of commerce, medicine, industrial, agriculture, research, meteorology, etc. that eases complicated tasks. The most active and recent research areas in wireless sensor networks are deployment strategies, energy efficiency and coverage. Besides energy harvesting, network lifetime of the sensors can be increased by decreasing the consumption of energy. This becomes the most challenging areas of utilizing wireless sensor network in practical applications. Deployment in WSNs directly influence the performance of the networks. The usage of sensor nodes in large quantity in the random deployment improves concerns in reliability and scalability. Coverage in wireless sensor networks measures how long the physical space is monitored by the sensors. Barrier coverage is an issue in wireless sensor networks, which is used for security application aims in intruder detection of the protected area. Several ongoing research work focuses on energy efficiency and coverage in wireless sensor networks and numerous schemes, algorithms, methods and architectures have been proposed. Still, there is no comprehensive solution applicable universally. Hence,this work provides with a state-of-the-art of the classification of wireless sensor networks based on different dimensions, such as, types of sensors, deployment strategies, sensing models, coverage and energy efficiency.