Journal
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE
Volume 49, Issue 6, Pages 1109-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.07.004
Keywords
Clinical use; Exparel; Lidocaine patch; Liposomal bupivacaine; Local anesthetics; Nocita; Pharmacology
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Local anesthetics are the only class of drugs that can block transduction and transmission of nociception. Physical properties, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetics of this class of drugs are reviewed in this article. The clinical use, such intravenous administration of lidocaine, and local and systemic toxic effects are covered. A review of current studies published in the human and veterinary literature on lidocaine patches (Lidoderm) and liposomal bupivacaine (Experal and Nocita) are discussed.
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