Utilization of deep eutectic solvents in dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction

Dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) has developed rapidly in recent years because of its simplicity, miniaturization, cost-effectiveness, easy automation, low consumption of sample, and eco-friendliness. In this particular field, a novel class of solvents, known as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), has arisen as a new and very promising tool. DESs have attracted considerable attention as green alternative solvents to conventional solvents because they are not only eco-friendly, non-toxic, and biodegradable organic compounds, but also low cost and easy to produce. This review briefly discusses the unique properties, preparation, and classification of DESs, with particular focus on the utilization of DESs on the DLLME with different types of assisted modifications. Furthermore, this paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the application of DESs in DLLME as well as the future trends. (c) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.