Finite element modeling strategies for 2D and 3D delamination propagation in composite DCB specimens using VCCT, CZM and XFEM approaches

Virtual crack closure technique (VCCT), cohesive zone modeling (CZM) and extended finite element method (XFEM) are three well-known numerical methods frequently used for crack propagation modeling. It is often questioned by new researchers and engineers: which method is more appropriate for modeling of delamination propagation in composites? In this study, advantages, limitations, and challenges of each method are discussed with the goal of finding a suitable and cost-effective solution for modeling of delamination propagation in laminated composites. To this end, a composite double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen as a benchmark example is modeled in ABAQUS and delamination propagation is simulated using three above methods and the combination of XFEM with VCCT and CZM. Two-dimensional plain strain and three-dimensional DCB models are both considered. Finite element results are compared with experimental results available in the literature for unidirectional DCB specimens. Finally, the accuracy, convergence speed, run-time and mesh dependency of each method are discussed. The XFEM-CZM was found as a suitable method for simulation of delamination growth.