Journal
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 44, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101335
Keywords
Interleukin-10; T-cells; Immune regulation; Inflammation
Categories
Funding
- DFG [HU1714/7-1, HU1714/9-1, HU1714/10-1, SFB 1328, SFB 841]
- European Research Council [ERC 715271]
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Interleukin (IL)-10 is considered a prototypical anti-inflammatory cytokine, which significantly contributes to the maintenance and reestablishment of immune homeostasis. However, this classical view fails to fully describe the pleiotropic roles of IL-10. Indeed, IL-10 can also promote immune responses, e.g. by supporting B-cell and CD8(+) T-cell activation. The reasons for these seemingly opposing functions are unclear to a large extent. Recent and previous studies suggest that the cellular source and the microenvironment impact the function of IL-10. However, studies addressing the mechanisms which determine whether IL-10 promotes inflammation or controls it have just begun. This review first summarizes the recent findings on the heterogeneity of IL-10 producing T cells and their impact on the target cells. Finally, we will propose two possible explanations for the dual functions of IL-10.
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