Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 692, Issue -, Pages 732-740Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.149
Keywords
Electro MBR; Emerging contaminants; Fouling control; Pharmaceutical active compounds; Wastewater treatment
Categories
Funding
- University of Salerno [ORSA167105, ORSA154525]
- Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation [IN17GR09/INT/Italy/P-17/2016 (SP), EG16MO01]
- University of the Philippines-Diliman
- Engineering Research and Development for Technology (ERDT) through the Department of Science and Technology, Philippines
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED) Laboratory of University of Salerno
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India
- Italian Ministry of Environment
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Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) have been detected at significant concentrations in various natural and artificial aquatic environments. In this study, electro membrane bioreactor (eMBR) technology was used to treat simulated municipal wastewater containing widely-used pharmaceuticals namely amoxicillin (AMX), diclofenac (DCF) and carbamazepine (CBZ). The effects of varying current density on the removal of PhACs (AMX, DCF and CBZ) and conventional pollutants (chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), humic substances, ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and orthophosphate (PO4-P) species) were examined. High COD and DOC removal efficiencies (similar to 100%) were obtained in all the experimental runs regardless of applied current density. In contrast, enhanced removal efficiencies for AMX, DCFand CBZ were achieved at high current densities. Membrane fouling rate in eMBR with respect to conventional MBR was reduced by 24, 44 and 45% at current densities of 0.3,0.5 and 1.15 mA/cm(2), respectively. The mechanism for pharmaceutical removal in this study proceeded by: (1) charge neutralization between negatively-charged pharmaceutical compounds and positive electro-generated aluminium coagulants to form larger particles and (2) size exclusion by membrane filtration. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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