Association between dietary patterns and chronic kidney disease in a middle-aged Chinese population

Objective: To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Chinese adults aged 45-59 years. Design: Dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative FFQ. Factor analysis was used to identify the major dietary patterns. Logistic regression models were applied to clarify the association between dietary patterns and the risk of CKD. Setting: The present study population was a part of the population-based Nutrition and Health Study performed in the city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, eastern China. Participants: A total of 2437 eligible participants (45-59 years) were enrolled in the present cross-sectional study from June 2015 to December 2016. Results: Three major dietary patterns were identified: 'traditional southern Chinese', 'Western' and 'grains-vegetables' patterns, collectively accounting for 25 center dot 6 % of variance in the diet. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of the Western pattern had greater odds for CKD (OR = 1 center dot 83, 95 % CI 1 center dot 21, 2 center dot 81; P < 0 center dot 05) than those in the lowest quartile. Compared with the lowest quartile of the grains-vegetables pattern, the highest quartile had lower odds for CKD (OR = 0 center dot 84, 95 % CI 0 center dot 77, 0 center dot 93; P < 0 center dot 05). In addition, there was no significant association between the traditional southern Chinese pattern and risk of CKD (P > 0 center dot 05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the Western pattern is associated with an increased risk, whereas the grains-vegetables pattern is associated with a reduced risk for CKD. These findings can guide dietary interventions for the prevention of CKD in a middle-aged Chinese population.