Journal
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
Volume 74, Issue 1, Pages 12-34Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12936
Keywords
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; neurophysiology; transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography; transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potentials
Categories
Funding
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) Funding Source: Medline
- Japan Health Foundation Funding Source: Medline
- SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation Funding Source: Medline
- Takeda Science Foundation Funding Source: Medline
- TEIJIN PHARMA LIMITED Funding Source: Medline
- Daiichi Sankyo Scholarship Donation Program Funding Source: Medline
- Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Funding Source: Medline
- Health Science Center Foundation Funding Source: Medline
- a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (KAKENHI) [20807226] Funding Source: Medline
- Taiju Life Social Welfare Foundation Funding Source: Medline
- Mitsui Life Social Welfare Foundation Funding Source: Medline
- Meiji Yasuda Mental Health Foundation Funding Source: Medline
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can depolarize the neurons directly under the coil when applied to the cerebral cortex, and modulate the neural circuit associated with the stimulation site, which makes it possible to measure the neurophysiological index to evaluate excitability and inhibitory functions. Concurrent TMS and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) has been developed to assess the neurophysiological characteristics of cortical regions other than the motor cortical region noninvasively. The aim of this review is to comprehensively discuss TMS-EEG research in the healthy brain focused on excitability, inhibition, and plasticity following neuromodulatory TMS paradigms from a neurophysiological perspective. A search was conducted in PubMed to identify articles that examined humans and that were written in English and published by September 2018. The search terms were as follows: (TMS OR 'transcranial magnetic stimulation') AND (EEG OR electroencephalog*) NOT (rTMS OR 'repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation' OR TBS OR 'theta burst stimulation') AND (healthy). The study presents an overview of TMS-EEG methodology and neurophysiological indices and reviews previous findings from TMS-EEG in healthy individuals. Furthermore, this review discusses the potential application of TMS-EEG neurophysiology in the clinical setting to study healthy and diseased brain conditions in the future. Combined TMS-EEG is a powerful tool to probe and map neural circuits in the human brain noninvasively and represents a promising approach for determining the underlying pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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