Journal
PLANT CELL
Volume 32, Issue 2, Pages 486-507Publisher
AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00385
Keywords
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Funding
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology [BT/PR15410/BCE/08/861/2011]
- Calcutta University (University Grants Commission-University with Potential for Excellence [UGCUPE])
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An interkingdom interaction between the endophytic red yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and diazotrophic endobacteria improves N nutrition in rice. Nitrogen (N) limits crop yield, and improvement of N nutrition remains a key goal for crop research; one approach to improve N nutrition is identifying plant-interacting, N-2-fixing microbes. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa JGTA-S1 is a basidiomycetous yeast endophyte of narrowleaf cattail (Typha angustifolia). JGTA-S1 could not convert nitrate or nitrite to ammonium but harbors diazotrophic (N-2-fixing) endobacteria (Pseudomonas stutzeri) that allow JGTA-S1 to fix N-2 and grow in a N-free environment; moreover, P. stutzeri dinitrogen reductase was transcribed in JGTA-S1 even under adequate N. Endobacteria-deficient JGTA-S1 had reduced fitness, which was restored by reintroducing P. stutzeri. JGTA-S1 colonizes rice (Oryza sativa), significantly improving its growth, N content, and relative N-use efficiency. Endofungal P. stutzeri plays a significant role in increasing the biomass and ammonium content of rice treated with JGTA-S1; also, JGTA-S1 has better N-2-fixing ability than free-living P. stutzeri and provides fixed N to the plant. Genes involved in N metabolism, N transporters, and NODULE INCEPTION-like transcription factors were upregulated in rice roots within 24 h of JGTA-S1 treatment. In association with rice, JGTA-S1 has a filamentous phase and P. stutzeri only penetrated filamentous JGTA-S1. Together, these results demonstrate an interkingdom interaction that improves rice N nutrition.
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