Journal
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Volume 100, Issue 2, Pages 695-724Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2019
Keywords
cell mechanics; cytoskeleton; mechanobiology; mechanotransduction; substrate stiffness; tissue mechanics; viscoelasticity
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [EB017753, CA193417, GM096971]
- National Science Foundation [CMMI-154857]
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Physical stimuli are essential for the function of eukaryotic cells, and changes in physical signals are important elements in normal tissue development as well as in disease initiation and progression. The complexity of physical stimuli and the cellular signals they initiate are as complex as those triggered by chemical signals. One of the most important, and the focus of this review, is the effect of substrate mechanical properties on cell structure and function. The past decade has produced a nearly exponentially increasing number of mechanobiological studies to define how substrate stiffness alters cell biology using both purified systems and intact tissues. Here we attempt to identify common features of mechanosensing in different systems while also highlighting the numerous informative exceptions to what in early studies appeared to be simple rules by which cells respond to mechanical stresses.
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