Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 123, Issue 17, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.170402
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Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFA0304100, 2016YFA0301300, 2016YFA0301700]
- NSFC [11774335, 61327901, 11474268, 11504253, 11874345, 11821404]
- Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS [QYZDY-SSW-SLH003]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies [AHY020100, AHY060300]
- Australian Research Council [CE170100012, FT180100317]
- Australian Research Council [FT180100317] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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In a measurement-device-independent or quantum-refereed protocol, a referee can verify whether two parties share entanglement or Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering without the need to trust either of the parties or their devices. The need for trusting a party is substituted by a quantum channel between the referee and that party, through which the referee encodes the measurements to be performed on that party's subsystem in a set of nonorthogonal quantum states. In this Letter, an EPR-steering inequality is adapted as a quantum-refereed EPR-steering witness, and the trust-free experimental verification of higher dimensional quantum steering is reported via preparing a class of entangled photonic qutrits. Further, with two measurement settings, we extract 1.106 +/- 0.023 bits of private randomness per every photon pair from our observed data, which surpasses the one-bit limit for projective measurements performed on qubit systems. Our results advance research on quantum information processing tasks beyond qubits.
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