Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 219, Issue -, Pages 338-347Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.002
Keywords
Biomass conversion; Bread/rice; Homogeneous catalysis; Lewis acid; Metal chloride
Funding
- Hong Kong International Airport Environmental Fund
- South China Resources Reborn Co. Ltd.
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This study aimed to transform food waste into a value-added chemical, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and unravel the tangled effects induced by the metal catalysts on each single step of the successive conversion pathway. The results showed that using cooked rice and bread crust as surrogates of starch-rich food waste, yields of 8.1-9.5% HMF and 44.2-64.8% glucose were achieved over SnCl4 catalyst. Protons released from metal hydrolysis and acidic by-products rendered Bronsted acidity to catalyze fructose dehydration and hydrolysis of glycosidic bond. Lewis acid site of metals could facilitate both fructose dehydration and glucose isomerization via promoting the rate-limiting internal hydride shift, with the catalytic activity determined by its electronegativity, electron configuration, and charge density. Lewis acid site of a higher valence also enhanced hydrolysis of polysaccharide. However, the metals also catalyzed undesirable polymerization possibly by polarizing the carbonyl groups of sugars and derivatives, which should be minimized by process optimization. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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