Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 19, Issue 12, Pages 8664-8672Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03330
Keywords
Batteries; lithium metal anodes; solid-electrolyte interphase; transmission electron microscopy; interfaces
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Funding
- NASA's Space Technology Research Grants Program
- National Science Foundation [ECCS-1542174]
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While Li-ion batteries are known to fail at temperatures below -20 degrees C, very little is known regarding the low-temperature behavior of next-generation high-capacity electrode materials. The lithium metal anode is of particular interest for high-energy battery chemistries, but improved understanding of and control over its electrochemical and nanoscale interfacial behavior in diverse conditions is necessary. Here, we investigate lithium deposition/stripping, morphology evolution, and solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) structure and properties down to -80 degrees C using an ether-based electrolyte (DOL/DME). As temperature is reduced, we find that the morphology of deposited lithium is significantly altered. Furthermore, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy coupled with vacuum-transfer X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the SEI exhibits different structure, chemistry, thickness, and conductive properties at lower temperatures. These results show that Li is promising for batteries operating under extreme conditions, and the distinct nanoscale evolution of Li electrodes at different temperatures must be considered when designing high-energy batteries.
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