A Report on Fungal (1→3)-α-d-glucans: Properties, Functions and Application

The cell walls of fungi are composed of glycoproteins, chitin, and alpha- and beta-glucans. Although there are many reports on beta-glucans, alpha-glucan polysaccharides are not yet fully understood. This review characterizes the physicochemical properties and functions of (1 -> 3)-alpha-d-glucans. Particular attention has been paid to practical application and the effect of glucans in various respects, taking into account unfavourable effects and potential use. The role of alpha-glucans in plant infection has been proven, and collected facts have confirmed the characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus infection associated with the presence of glucan in fungal cell wall. Like beta-glucans, there are now evidence that alpha-glucans can also stimulate the immune system. Moreover, alpha-d-glucans have the ability to induce mutanases and can thus decompose plaque.