Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 24, Issue 21, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213947
Keywords
carotenoids; inclusion complexes; delivery systems; nanoemulsions; nanoliposomes; biopolymeric nanoparticles; water solubility; oxidation stability; photostability; bioavailability
Funding
- Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG02-86ER-13465]
- National Science Foundation [CHE-0342921, CHE-0079498]
- Faculty Research Seed Grants (FRSG) Program at Valdosta State University
- Russian Science Foundation [18-13-00047]
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Carotenoids are natural dyes and antioxidants widely used in food processing and in therapeutic formulations. However, their practical application is restricted by their high sensitivity to external factors such as heat, light, oxygen, metal ions and processing conditions, as well as by extremely low water solubility. Various approaches have been developed to overcome these problems. In particular, it was demonstrated that application of supramolecular complexes of host-guest type with water-soluble nanoparticles allows minimizing the abovementioned disadvantages. From this point of view, nanoencapsulation of carotenoids is an effective strategy to improve their stability during storage and food processing. Also, nanoencapsulation enhances bioavailability of carotenoids via modulating their release kinetics from the delivery system, influencing the solubility and absorption. In the present paper, we present the state of the art of carotenoid nanoencapsulation and summarize the data obtained during last five years on preparation, analysis and reactivity of carotenoids encapsulated into various nanoparticles. The possible mechanisms of carotenoids bioavailability enhancement by multifunctional delivery systems are also discussed.
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