The Application of Ferric Chloride-Lignin Sulfonate as Shale Inhibitor in Water-Based Drilling Fluid

A series of ferric chloride-lignin sulfonate (FCLS) was prepared from ferric chloride and lignin sulfonate to be used as shale inhibitor. The swelling rate of clay with FCLS-2 (w/w = 0.3%) decreased to 41.9%. Compared with control, FCLS-2 displayed high inhibitive ability against the hydrating and swelling processes of clay. Thus, the swelling degree of samples with FCLS-2 was much lower than that of the control, as well as the mud ball was more stable in FCLS-2 solution. Essentially, these excellent performances in inhibitor were assigned to the hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction and anchoring between FCLS-2 and other components. In addition, FCLS-2 has good compatibility with other common drilling fluid additives, and it can reduce the viscosity of systems, regardless of the room temperature or high temperature.