4.7 Article

Transcriptome profiling provides insights into regulatory factors involved in Trichoderma viride-Azotobacter chroococcum biofilm formation

Journal

MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Volume 227, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER GMBH
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.06.002

Keywords

Azotobacter chroococcum; Biofilm; Transcriptomic analysis; Gene expression; Trichoderma viride

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Funding

  1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) (New Delhi, India)
  2. Network Project on Microorganisms Application of Microorganisms in Agricultural and Allied Sectors (AMAAS) - Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi

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Azotobacter chroococcum (Az) and Trichoderma viride (Tv) represent agriculturally important and beneficial plant growth promoting options which contribute towards nutrient management and biocontrol, respectively. When Az and Tv are co-cultured, they form a biofilm, which has proved promising as an inoculant in several crops; however, the basic aspects related to regulation of biofilm formation were not investigated. Therefore, whole transcriptome sequencing (Illumine NextSeq500) and gene expression analyses were undertaken, related to biofilm formation vis a vis Tv and Az growing individually. Significant changes in the transcriptome profiles of biofilm were recorded and validated through qPCR analyses. In-depth evaluation also identified several genes (phoA, phoB, glgP, alg8, sipW, purB, pssA, fadD) specifically involved in biofilm formation in Az, Tv and Tv-Az. Genes coding for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, ABC transporters, translation elongation factor EF-1, molecular chaperones and double homeobox 4 were either up-regulated or down-regulated during biofilm formation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the modulation of gene expression in an agriculturally beneficial association, as a biofilm. Our results provide insights into the regulatory factors involved during biofilm formation, which can help to improve the beneficial effects and develop more effective and promising plant- microbe associations.

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