Homeless people and health: a qualitative enquiry into their practices and perceptions

Background Homeless people experience poorer health and shorter life expectancies than the UK average, but their health needs and expectations have received little attention in research. This study aims to understand homeless people's health perceptions and experiences. Methods Semi-structured interviews took place with 28 homeless people in Gloucestershire. The transcripts were thematically analysed drawing out key themes. Results Homelessness was often rooted in early trauma or an unstable family unit. Participants described poor support on leaving prison, termination of a cohabiting relationship or financial issues as factors precipitating homelessness. There was an expansive and positive understanding of health and its determinants. Mental health issues were common, often linked to traumatic life-events. Substance misuse issues were expressed as a mechanism to manage mental health issues. Participants were frustrated that this co-dependency was not recognized by support services. Participants' living situation curtailed their ability to make health-enhancing choices, which was compounded by issues accessing mainstream healthcare services. Conclusions Mental health in homeless people must be recognized in the context of substance misuse and early trauma. Dealing with housing and addiction are critical to enable prioritisation of healthy behaviours. Healthcare services should recognize the chaotic nature of homeless people and their competing issues.

Automated summary

Homeless people often experience early trauma or family issues leading to homelessness; they have a positive understanding of health and its determinants, but mental health problems are common and linked to traumatic events, with substance misuse often used as a mechanism to manage mental health issues.