Journal
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0804-8
Keywords
Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment; Immune escape; T cell infiltration; Immunosuppressive cells; Tumor-intrinsic signaling
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1804281, 81771781, 81602024]
- State's Key Project of Research and Development Plan [2016YFC1303500]
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Immunotherapy is a currently popular treatment strategy for cancer patients. Although recent developments in cancer immunotherapy have had significant clinical impact, only a subset of patients exhibits clinical response. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance is necessary. The mechanisms of immune escape appear to consist of two distinct tumor characteristics: a decrease in effective immunocyte infiltration and function and the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment. Several host-derived factors may also contribute to immune escape. Moreover, inter-patient heterogeneity predominantly results from differences in somatic mutations between cancers, which has led to the hypothesis that differential activation of specific tumor-intrinsic pathways may explain the phenomenon of immune exclusion in a subset of cancers. Increasing evidence has also shown that tumor-intrinsic signaling plays a key role in regulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tumor immune escape. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying immune avoidance mediated by tumor-intrinsic signaling may help identify new therapeutic targets for expanding the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.
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