4.7 Review

Linking fundamental science to crop improvement through understanding source and sink traits and their integration for yield enhancement

Journal

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
Volume 71, Issue 7, Pages 2270-2280

Publisher

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz480

Keywords

Carbohydrate allocation; crop yields; source-sink; traits; trehalose 6-phosphate; wheat

Categories

Funding

  1. Designing Future Wheat Strategic Programme [BB/P016855/1]
  2. Biotechnological and Biological Sciences Research Council Sustainable Agriculture Research and Innovation Club grant [BB/N004205/1]
  3. International Wheat Yield Partnership grant [BB/S01280X/1]
  4. Biotechnological Sciences Research Council of the UK
  5. BBSRC [BB/S01280X/1, BBS/E/C/000I0220, BB/N004205/1] Funding Source: UKRI

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Understanding processes in sources and sinks that contribute to crop yields has taken years of painstaking research. For crop yield improvement, processes need to be understood as standalone mechanisms in addition to how these mechanisms perform at the crop level; currently there is often a chasm between the two. Fundamental mechanisms need to be considered in the context of crop ideotypes and the agricultural environment which is often more water limited than carbon limited. Different approaches for improvement should be considered, namely is there genetic variation? Or if not, could genetic modification, genome editing, or alternative approaches be utilized? Currently, there are few examples where genetic modification has improved intrinsic yield in the field for commercial application in a major crop. Genome editing, particularly of negative yield regulators as a first step, is providing new opportunities. Here we highlight key mechanisms in source and sink, arguing that for large yield increases integration of key processes is likely to produce the biggest successes within the framework of crop ideotypes with optimized phenology. We highlight a plethora of recent papers that show breakthroughs in fundamental science and the promise of the trehalose 6-phosphate signalling pathway, which regulates carbohydrate allocation which is key for many crop traits.

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