Journal
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
Volume 234, Issue -, Pages 436-450Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.133
Keywords
FDI; Energy-saving spillover; Biased technical change; Spillover direction; Spillover condition; China
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [71773075, 71503168, 71373153, 71533004]
- National Social Science Foundation of China [18ZDA051]
- National Top-Notch Young Talent Support Programof China
- National Key Research and Development Programof China [2016YFA0602500]
- Joint Research Project of Ministry-Province Collaborative Construction - Ministry of Finance of China [2019110387]
- Two Service Action Plans of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics [2019110191]
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Existing studies pay little attention to when or under which conditions foreign direct investment (FDI) can spill energy-saving technologies. From a perspective of energy-biased technical change and using a two-layer nested constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function, this paper investigates the energy-saving spillover effect of FDI on technical change (i.e., energy-saving spillovers) in China between 2002 and 2015. In particular, we consider the conditions of marketization, industry, technology, and labor mobility to examine whether and when FDI has energy-saving spillovers. The results indicate no income inequality effect, i.e., there is no evidence supporting that FDI flowing into low- and middle-income regions increases energy consumption, while FDI flowing into high-income regions conserves energy. However, there is a condition effect: FDI can improve (support the halo effect) or deteriorate (contradict the halo effect) the environmental performance under different conditions. Moreover, there is a threshold effect: the direction of FDI spillovers varies with the different levels of the threshold variables. An increasing marketization motivates enterprises to select energy-biased technologies. It is more likely to generate energy-saving spillovers in the regions with a lower specialized agglomeration level. FDI will have energy-biased spillovers when domestic technological level is relatively high with an evident energy-biased technology. In addition, a moderate labor mobility is beneficial to the energy-saving spillovers of FDI. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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