Mitigation of ruminal biogases production from goats using Moringa oleifera extract and live yeast culture for a cleaner agriculture environment

The present investigation was assessed to explore the sustainable mitigation of methane and carbon dioxide production from goats using Moringa oleifera extract and live yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as feed supplements. Treatments include supplementation of 0 (control), 0.6, and 1.8 mL/g dry matter of M. oleifera extract and 0 (control), 2, and 4 mg/g dry matter of commercially available S. cerevisiae into the feeding diet. Higher doses of M. oleifera extract and S. cerevisiae increased the asymptotic gas production from 88.8 to 147.5 mL/g dry matter. The fractional rate of gas production was increased (P < 0.05) due to the supplementation of M. oleifera extract and S. cerevisiae. Lag time increased linearly from 1.32 to 3.99 h but only M. oleifera extract affected it quadratically (P= 0.041). The asymptotic methane production, rate of methane emission, and lag time decreased (P> 0.05) with the varied doses of additives. M. oleifera extract x S. cerevisiae interaction had non-significant (P> 0.05) influence on asymptotic carbon dioxide emission, fractional rate of carbon dioxide emission, and lag time. Furthermore, the inclusion of S. cerevisiae exhibited increased gas production in a time dependent manner. The proportional methane production was estimated to be decreased (P> 0.05) at high doses of M. oleifera extract and S. cerevisiae at 72 h of incubation with the lowest emission of 11.7%. In contrary to this, the proportional carbon dioxide production was reduced (quadratic effect, P= 0.031) at 72 h of incubation with the lowest emission of 50.3%. In conclusion, the addition of M. oleifera extract and S. cerevisiae in diets would be an invaluable approach for mitigating methane and carbon dioxide emission from goats. These additives at diversified concentrations may be utilized as pronounced cleaner product and additive agents for the ecosystem as well as livestock. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.