Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 67, Issue 49, Pages 13568-13576Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04587
Keywords
astaxanthin; H2O2; oxidative damage; metabolomics; H-1 NMR; RAW 264.7
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Astaxanthin (AST) is a fat-soluble and non-vitamin A source of carotenoid that can quench reactive oxygen species and it has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. Herein, we have used H2O2 to establish a model of oxidative damage to RAW 264.7 cells and cells treated with vitamin C as the positive control group. The changes in metabolome were examined using H-1 NMR and the results demonstrated that H2O2 treatment and various metabolic pathways such as amino acid, glucose, and glycerolipid metabolism were downregulated, which in turn affected citric acid cycle and energy status. AST could reverse downregulation of some of these metabolic pathways to a certain extent, and reduce cellular oxidative stress and death. The AST group differed from the vitamin C group in regulating D-glutamine, D-glutamic acid, pyruvate, and glycerolipid metabolism. The experimental results help to further understand the antioxidant effects of AST.
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