Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 67, Issue 46, Pages 12895-12903Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05665
Keywords
hemp protein; genipin; cross-linking; composite gel
Funding
- Oversea Study Fellowship from the China Scholarship Council
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Hatch Project ) [2351267000]
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Genipin, a natural electrophilic cross-linker, was applied (5, 10, 20, and 30 mM) to modify hempseed protein isolate (HPI). Genipin treatments resulted in general losses of total sulfhydryls (up to 2.9 nmol/mg) and free amines (up to 77.3 nmol/mg). Surface hydrophobicity decreased by nearly 90% with 30 mM genipin, corresponding to similar tryptophan fluorescence quenching. The genipin treatment converted HPI into highly cross-linked polymers. Hydrogels formed with such polymers when also incorporated with hemp oil emulsions exhibited substantially enhanced gelling ability: up to 3.3- and 2.6-fold increases, respectively, in gel strength and gel elasticity over genipin-untreated protein. The genipin-modified composite gels also exhibited superior water-holding capacity. Microstructural analysis revealed a compact gel network filled with proteincoated oil globules that interacted intimately with the protein matrix when treated with genipin. Such gels remained readily digestible. Hence, genipin-treated hemp protein hydrogels show promise as functional food components.
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