Physical health in individuals with psychiatric disorders in Austria

Introduction: The association between severe psychiatric disorders and metabolic syndrome is well documented and goes along with a reduced life expectancy. The prevalence of medical comorbidities in individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders in Austria has not yet been examined; aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of comorbid somatic disorder in individuals diagnosed with psychiatric disorders in Austria. Methods: Patients (n = 600) with a life-time diagnosis of mood and anxiety disorders undergoing a six-week course of intensive treatment in a psychiatric rehabilitation center were recruited. Prevalent somatic and psychological conditions, anamnestic data, medical history, blood samples, clinical and psychological tests as well as medication were examined to determine somatic and psychiatric diagnoses. Results: Metabolic disorders were highly prevalent especially in individuals diagnosed with affective disorders, respectively in bipolar disorder. Furthermore, obesity and thyroid dysfunction were found in about 40% of individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder in the present study. Significant gender differences were found in CVD and hypertension with higher prevalence in men, while thyroid dysfunction occurred more often in women also compared to the general female population. Conclusions: Characterizing somatic comorbidity in individuals with psychiatric disorders can stimulate research to better understand possible shared etiologic factors and has public health implications for improving models of care. This could have a positive effect on the course of mental disorders, and additionally improve social integration and life expectancy. Knowledge about sex differences should be used to further improve individualized treatment of individuals with psychiatric disorders.