Experience of Japanese pregnant women with cancer in decision-making regarding cancer treatment and obstetric care

Aim Women who are diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy must make difficult, life-changing decisions that affect their own life and that of their fetus. The psychological impact of distress and anxiety resulting from facing often conflicting choices can greatly influence survival in these women. We conducted this study to clarify the experience of pregnant women with cancer in decision-making and to consider the role of nurses in providing care to pregnant women with cancer during their decision-making. Methods This qualitative study included post-partum Japanese women diagnosed with cancer who had made any treatment or pregnancy decisions. Data collection was conducted using semi-structured interviews and medical record review. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and classified into subcategories, categories, themes, and phases. Results Participants comprised eight women with leukemia and cervical, breast, and digestive cancers. The decision-making experiences of these eight pregnant women with cancer were categorized into three phases: the interaction between the woman and her fetus, family members, and medical staff; confrontation with dilemma and uncertainty; and redefinition of the women's own decisions. Conclusions The experience of Japanese pregnant women with cancer in decision-making has two aspects: verbal and nonverbal communication with their surroundings and reflection. The role of a nurse is to guarantee these women continuous communication channels and frank dialogue, to empower them in expressing their thoughts and informational needs to medical staff and family members.