Biohydrogen production from waste materials: benefits and challenges

Escalating global energy demand has opened up a wide avenue for alternative energy research. One such alternative energy is biohydrogen (H-2) which is now projected as clean energy, since harnessed by biological means with high energy content; it finds the application on a broader scale. Recently, the employment of sustainable energy origins for generating biohydrogen has gained traction worldwide. Biohydrogen sourced from organic resources mainly of waste origins promises to provide sustainable energy in comparison with its other counterparts. The current work spotlights the various waste materials sourced for the generation of biohydrogen, bio-processing approaches, various microbes involved, conditions, factors, various relative advantages, and challenges. Diversities in biohydrogen processes such as utilizing different waste materials and biomass as raw material, probed akin to their chattels in the environment, bioreactor operative factors (temperature, pH, and partial pressure) are summarized. In this article, we have pursued to explicate the major hurdles confronted while procuring biohydrogen as a profit-making proposition by creating an appraisal of its improved role, also taking into account the diverse mechanism and procedures, while assessing its future perspectives.