Journal
BIOMATERIALS
Volume 101, Issue -, Pages 272-284Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.051
Keywords
Catalysis; Iron oxide; Nanoparticles; Biofilms; Extracellular matrix; Antibacterial; Dental caries
Funding
- International Association for Dental Research/GlaxoSmithKline Innovation in Oral Care Award
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [EFRI-1137186, R01 DE018023]
- University of Pennsylvania Research Foundation
- NIH [S10RR027128]
- School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania
- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
- Directorate For Engineering
- Emerging Frontiers & Multidisciplinary Activities [1137186] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Dental biofilms (known as plaque) are notoriously difficult to remove or treat because the bacteria can be enmeshed in a protective extracellular matrix. It can also create highly acidic microenvironments that cause acid-dissolution of enamel-apatite on teeth, leading to the onset of dental caries. Current antimicrobial agents are incapable of disrupting the matrix and thereby fail to efficiently kill the microbes within plaque-biofilms. Here, we report a novel strategy to control plaque-biofilms using catalytic nanoparticles (CAT-NP) with peroxidase-like activity that trigger extracellular matrix degradation and cause bacterial death within acidic niches of caries-causing biofilm. CAT-NP containing biocompatible Fe3O4 were developed to catalyze H2O2 to generate free-radicals in situ that simultaneously degrade the biofilm matrix and rapidly kill the embedded bacteria with exceptional efficacy (>5-log reduction of cell viability). Moreover, it displays an additional property of reducing apatite demineralization in acidic conditions. Using 1-min topical daily treatments akin to a clinical situation, we demonstrate that CAT-NP in combination with H2O2 effectively suppress the onset and severity of dental caries while sparing normal tissues in vivo. Our results reveal the potential to exploit nanocatalysts with enzyme-like activity as a potent alternative approach for treatment of a prevalent biofilm-associated oral disease. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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